Robust Digital Watermarking for High-Definition Video using Steerable Pyramid Transform and Fast Fourier transformation

In this paper, we propose a robust blind watermarking algorithm for high-definition video contents. For the security of watermark information, a matrix of random numbers is generated using a secret key. We perform inverse steerable pyramid transformation (SPT) to the matrix to produce a transformed matrix. The 2-dimensional fast Fourier transformation (2D FFT) is performed to the luminant component of each frame. The watermark is embedded into the low frequencies of 2D FFT coefficients using the transformed matrix. In the procedure of extraction, forward SPT is applied to the transformed matrix and the 2D FFT coefficients to produce oriented sub-bands, respectively. The watermark of each frame is extracted by correlation between the two oriented sub-bands. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm is imperceptible and moreover is robust against variety of attacks.